Particle Matter 2

                                        Ion

     You have understood that there area charged particle in atom. Some particles types in atom also have different electron is negative and proton is positive, while neutron is neutral. But, atom will obtain or loss electron if incorporated with the other atoms. This cause the atom has positive or negative charged. The charged atom is called ion. So, ion is atom or atom cluster containing electrical charge. Process of ion establishment is called ionization. If an atom loss electron , the atom will be positive. The atom like this called terion atom.

     Generally, compound consist of molecules. For example, sugar compound is composed of sugar molecules. But ,there are compounds composed of ions. A compound composed of ions called ion compound, for example common salt. Common salt if dissolved in water will be subdivided to form ion, namely sodium ion with positive charge (Na⁺) and chloride ion with negative charge (Cl^-). Positive ions called Cation and negative ions called Anion. Cation is usually derives from metal element, for example Silver (Ag⁺) and Copper (Cu²⁺). Anion derived from no-metal element, for example Iodine (I^-) and Sulphur (S^2-).

Particle Matter 1

                                                 Atom

     Atom derives from Greek Atomos that means indivisible. The term atom was proposed by Greek philosopher, Leukippos and Democritus in 4th century BC. At that time there were two opinions about the division of matter, that is the opinion of Democritus and Aristotle.

a. Democritus

"The division of matter is discontinued. That is, if the material is divided and subdivided finally obtained the smallest particles called atoms."

b. Aristoteles

"The division of matter is continuous., Meaning that the division of matter can continue without limit."

Scientific Fact 1

                                                                       Gravity

Many people believed in superstition when in the time of newton life, so they afraid of some invisible phenomena. For example, appearance of comet was always related to disaster. In that time, many scientists considered that motion of planet and motion of object in earth were different matter. In contrast, Newton considered that due to the sky and the earth was made by the same God, they were regulated using the same law. Newton begun think about gravity in 1684. He developed Newton's gravitational theory. He developed three motion laws and mathematically proved it. The law state that the same law can be implemented to both subjects in the earth and the outer space. Then, Newton explains the theory in his book titled Principia mathematica. Due to no fund, Royal society is reluctant to publish the Newton famous work. But, Newton's friend, astronomer Edmond Halley, helped him to fund publication of his book in three step in 1687. (Halley then used Newton's law in his study about comet just like planet's, orbiting to the sun with ellipse track).